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DB.__dir__c C s | � � | S )z9Enter the runtime context. This will start a transaction.)�beginrb ra ra rd re f s z DB.__enter__c C s0 |du r|du r|du r| � � dS | �� dS )z8Exit the runtime context. This will end the transaction.N)�commit�rollback)rc �et�ev�tbra ra rd rj k s z DB.__exit__c C sz z| j }W n ty d }Y nw |r9z|�d � W n ty# Y nw | jr;z|�� W d S ty8 Y d S w d S d S r` )r. rb rm r� re rL r r/ ra ra rd rK r s&
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c s s � | ]}t |�V qd S r` rl )r� rp ra ra rd r& � rD z DB._do_debug.<locals>.<genexpr>�writeN)rn r' r� r �printrc r} r )rc r� r ra ra rd � _do_debug� s
�z DB._do_debugc C s d|vr | � |�}|S )a Escape a qualified name.
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DB._make_boolc C s d� dd� t|d�D ��S )z'Create a human readable parameter list.�, c s s � | ] \}}d ||f V qdS )z$%d=%rNra rm ra ra rd r& � r| z"DB._list_params.<locals>.<genexpr>rw )r' rp r� ra ra rd � _list_params� s zDB._list_paramsc C s t � pt|�S )z.Decode a JSON string coming from the database.)r: �
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r� N)r. r rB rb ra ra rd r � s zDB.resetc C s` | j r*t| jd i | jd ��}| jr | j�d� | j�� |�| jj� || _dS | j| _dS )z�Reopen connection to the database.
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r rw N)re r+ rd r. rm rL rk r' r/ ra ra rd �reopen� s
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DB.releasec C sV t |t�r |g}d}n t |ttf�rg }nt |ttf�r i }n t |t�r'|}ntd��|s1td��t |t�r8i ng }|D ]>}t |t�rI|�� � � nd}|sQtd��|dkrkd}| j
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|� q}|||| < q}|S ) a/ Get the value of a run-time parameter.
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that is the current setting of the run-time parameter with that name.
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When passing a list of parameter names, the return value will be a
corresponding list of parameter settings. When passing a set of
parameter names, a new dict will be returned, mapping these parameter
names to their settings. Finally, if you pass a dict as parameter,
its values will be set to the current parameter settings corresponding
to its keys.
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of all existing configuration parameters.
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|||f }| �|� | j�|� q�dS )a� Set the value of a run-time parameter.
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will be set to that value. If no value or None is passed as a value,
then the run-time parameter will be restored to its default value.
You can set several parameters at once by passing a list of parameter
names, together with a single value that all parameters should be
set to or with a corresponding list of values. You can also pass
the parameters as a set if you only provide a single value.
Finally, you can pass a dict with parameter names as keys. In this
case, you should not pass a value, since the values for the parameters
will be taken from the dict.
By passing the special name 'all' as the parameter, you can reset
all existing settable run-time parameters to their default values.
If you set local to True, then the command takes effect for only the
current transaction. After commit() or rollback(), the session-level
setting takes effect again. Setting local to True will appear to
have no effect if it is executed outside a transaction, since the
transaction will end immediately.
rw Nz8A single value must be specified when parameter is a setz<A value must not be specified when parameter is a dictionaryr� r� r� r� z4A value must ot be specified when parameter is 'all'z LOCALr� z
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�zDB.set_parameterc G sB | j std��|r| �||� | j �||�S | �|� | j �|�S )a; Execute a SQL command string.
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an insert statement that inserted exactly one row into a table that
has OIDs, the return value is the OID of the newly inserted row.
If the query is an update or delete statement, or an insert statement
that did not insert exactly one row in a table with OIDs, then the
number of rows affected is returned as a string. If it is a statement
that returns rows as a result (usually a select statement, but maybe
also an "insert/update ... returning" statement), this method returns
a Query object that can be accessed via getresult() or dictresult()
or simply printed. Otherwise, it returns `None`.
The query can contain numbered parameters of the form $1 in place
of any data constant. Arguments given after the query string will
be substituted for the corresponding numbered parameter. Parameter
values can also be given as a single list or tuple argument.
ro )r. rB r r# )rc r� r� ra ra rd r# � s
zDB.queryc C s | j | j�||||�� S )aD Execute a formatted SQL command string.
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The parameters must be passed as a tuple, list or dict. You can
also pass a corresponding tuple, list or dict of database types in
order to format the parameters properly in case there is ambiguity.
If you set inline to True, the parameters will be sent to the database
embedded in the SQL command, otherwise they will be sent separately.
)r# rj r� )rc r� r� r� r� ra ra rd �query_formatted� s
�zDB.query_formattedc G sR | j std��|du r
d}|r | �d||� | j �||�S | �d|� | j �|�S )a Execute a prepared SQL statement.
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the SQL command, you pass the name of a prepared statement. If you
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ro Nr� �EXECUTE)r. rB r �query_prepared)rc r� r� ra ra rd r� � s zDB.query_preparedc C s6 | j std��|du r
d}| �d||� | j �||�S )ao Create a prepared SQL statement.
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The name can be empty to create an unnamed statement, in which case
any pre-existing unnamed statement is automatically replaced;
otherwise it is an error if the statement name is already
defined in the current database session. We recommend always using
named queries, since unnamed queries have a limited lifetime and
can be automatically replaced or destroyed by various operations.
ro Nr� �prepare)r. rB r r� )rc r� r� ra ra rd r� � s
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the unnamed statement will be described if you created one before.
Nr� )r. �describe_preparedrp ra ra rd r� � s zDB.describe_preparedc C s$ d|pdf }| � |� | j�|�S )a8 Delete a prepared SQL statement
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name, or deallocates all prepared statements if you do not specify a
name. Note that prepared statements are also deallocated automatically
when the current session ends.
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DEALLOCATE %s�ALL)r r. r# )rc r� r% ra ra rd �delete_prepared� s
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a� Get or set the primary key of a table.
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set the composite flag. Composite primary keys are always
represented as tuples. Note that this raises a KeyError
if the table does not have a primary key.
If flush is set then the internal cache for primary keys will
be flushed. This may be necessary after the database schema or
the search path has been changed.
z The pkey cache has been flusheda1 SELECT a.attname, a.attnum, i.indkey FROM pg_catalog.pg_index i JOIN pg_catalog.pg_attribute a ON a.attrelid OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) i.indrelid AND a.attnum OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) ANY(i.indkey) AND NOT a.attisdropped WHERE i.indrelid OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) %s::regclass AND i.indisprimary ORDER BY a.attnumr" �Table %s has no primary keyrw r rx c s � � | d �S )Nrw )�index�r6 ��indkeyra rd �<lambda>
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d � | j�|��� D �S ) a` Get list of relations in connected database of specified kinds.
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zr.relkind IN (%s)r! c s s � | ]}d | V qdS )rx Nra �r� r" ra ra rd r& ( rD z#DB.get_relations.<locals>.<genexpr>z?s.nspname NOT SIMILAR TO 'pg/_%|information/_schema' ESCAPE '/'z WHERE %s� AND r� a SELECT pg_catalog.quote_ident(s.nspname) OPERATOR(pg_catalog.||) '.' OPERATOR(pg_catalog.||) pg_catalog.quote_ident(r.relname) FROM pg_catalog.pg_class r JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace s ON s.oid OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) r.relnamespace%s ORDER BY s.nspname, r.relnamec S r� r� ra )r� r4 ra ra rd r� 3 r� z$DB.get_relations.<locals>.<listcomp>)r r' r. r# r$ )rc �kinds�system�wherer% ra ra rd �
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�zDB.get_relationsc C s | � d|�S )z�Return list of tables in connected database.
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DB.get_tablesTc s� | j }|r|�� | �d� z|| }W |S tyO d}|r$d| }| jtd|�|f }| j�||f��� }| j � � fdd�|D �}t
|�}|||< Y |S w )at Given the name of a table, dig out the set of attribute names.
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the keys, the values are the names of the attributes' types)
with the column names in the proper order if you iterate over it.
If flush is set, then the internal cache for attribute names will
be flushed. This may be necessary after the database schema or
the search path has been changed.
By default, only a limited number of simple types will be returned.
You can get the registered types after calling use_regtypes(True).
z#The attnames cache has been flushedz!a.attnum OPERATOR(pg_catalog.>) 0z.(%s OR a.attname OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) 'oid')r" c 3 s* � | ]}|d � j |dd� � fV qdS )r rw Nr� )r� r� �r� ra rd r& W s �( z"DB.get_attnames.<locals>.<genexpr>) rg r� r rt rl r r. r# r$ rk r� )rc r� r% r� rk r0 r% ra r� rd rV < s&
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�zDB.get_attnamesc C sD |du r| j jS t|�}|| j jkr || j _| j�� | j �� |S )z;Use registered type names instead of simplified type names.N)rk r r� rg r� )rc �regtypesra ra rd � use_regtypes\ s
zDB.use_regtypesrV c C s� | j }|r|�� | �d� |�� }z |||f }W |S tyI dtd|�f }| j�|||f�}|�� d d | � d�k}||||f< Y |S w )z�Check whether current user has specified table privilege.
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z%The privileges cache has been flushedz-SELECT pg_catalog.has_table_privilege(%s, $2)r" r T)
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< �q�S )a� Get a row from a database table or view.
This method is the basic mechanism to get a single row. It assumes
that the keyname specifies a unique row. It must be the name of a
single column or a tuple of column names. If the keyname is not
specified, then the primary key for the table is used.
If row is a dictionary, then the value for the key is taken from it.
Otherwise, the row must be a single value or a tuple of values
corresponding to the passed keyname or primary key. The fetched row
from the table will be returned as a new dictionary or used to replace
the existing values when row was passed as a dictionary.
The OID is also put into the dictionary if the table has one, but
in order to allow the caller to work with multiple tables, it is
munged as "oid(table)" using the actual name of the table.
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ad Insert a row into a database table.
This method inserts a row into a table. The name of the table must
be passed as the first parameter. The other parameters are used for
providing the data of the row that shall be inserted into the table.
If a dictionary is supplied as the second parameter, it starts with
that. Otherwise it uses a blank dictionary. Either way the dictionary
is updated from the keywords.
The dictionary is then reloaded with the values actually inserted in
order to pick up values modified by rules, triggers, etc.
r Nr� r� z$No column found that can be insertedr� r� z,INSERT INTO %s (%s) VALUES (%s) RETURNING %sr )rd r� r� rV r� rj r� r r� r rC r' r� r r. r# r� r� )rc r� r6 r� rk r� r� r r� r0 r� rn r� r% rq r� ra ra rd �insert� sD
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�| < q�S )a� Update an existing row in a database table.
Similar to insert, but updates an existing row. The update is based
on the primary key of the table or the OID value as munged by get()
or passed as keyword. The OID will take precedence if provided, so
that it is possible to update the primary key itself.
The dictionary is then modified to reflect any changes caused by the
update due to triggers, rules, default values, etc.
r Nr� r� r� Tr� �$Missing value for primary key in rowr� c 3 r� r� ra r� r� ra rd r& r� z DB.update.<locals>.<genexpr>�%s = %sr� r� z&UPDATE %s SET %s WHERE %s RETURNING %sr )rd r� rV r� r� r� rt rC r r� rj r� r r� r' r r� r r. r# r� r� )rc r� r6 r� r� r� r� r� r� rn r� r% rq r� ra r� rd r� � sh
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� | � }|�d � | �|f � q�| s�|S |r�d d� |� nd
}|r�dnd}d| �|�|| |
||f }| �||� z | j�||�}W n t�y | jdk �rt d��� w |�� }|�r&|d �� D ]\} }|�r | dk�r |} ||| < �q|S | �||� |S )a� Insert a row into a database table with conflict resolution
This method inserts a row into a table, but instead of raising a
ProgrammingError exception in case a row with the same primary key
already exists, an update will be executed instead. This will be
performed as a single atomic operation on the database, so race
conditions can be avoided.
Like the insert method, the first parameter is the name of the
table and the second parameter can be used to pass the values to
be inserted as a dictionary.
Unlike the insert und update statement, keyword parameters are not
used to modify the dictionary, but to specify which columns shall
be updated in case of a conflict, and in which way:
A value of False or None means the column shall not be updated,
a value of True means the column shall be updated with the value
that has been proposed for insertion, i.e. has been passed as value
in the dictionary. Columns that are not specified by keywords but
appear as keys in the dictionary are also updated like in the case
keywords had been passed with the value True.
So if in the case of a conflict you want to update every column that
has been passed in the dictionary row, you would call upsert(table, row).
If you don't want to do anything in case of a conflict, i.e. leave
the existing row as it is, call upsert(table, row, **dict.fromkeys(row)).
If you need more fine-grained control of what gets updated, you can
also pass strings in the keyword parameters. These strings will
be used as SQL expressions for the update columns. In these
expressions you can refer to the value that already exists in
the table by prefixing the column name with "included.", and to
the value that has been proposed for insertion by prefixing the
column name with the "excluded."
The dictionary is modified in any case to reflect the values in
the database after the operation has completed.
Note: The method uses the PostgreSQL "upsert" feature which is
only available since PostgreSQL 9.5.
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This method deletes the row from a table. It deletes based on the
primary key of the table or the OID value as munged by get() or
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The return value is the number of deleted rows (i.e. 0 if the row
did not exist and 1 if the row was deleted).
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referenced by another table, this method raises a ProgrammingError.
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table, but since it does not actually scan the tables it is faster.
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a subsequent VACUUM operation. This is most useful on large tables.
If restart is set to True, sequences owned by columns of the truncated
table(s) are automatically restarted. If cascade is set to True, it
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if the table has a composite primary key. The rows will be also
named tuples unless the 'scalar' option has been set to True.
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set of columns to be used as the keys of the dictionary. It must
be set as a string, list or a tuple.
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