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Amazon Kinesis Service API Reference
Amazon Kinesis is a managed service that scales elastically for
real time processing of streaming big data.
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Adds or updates tags for the specified Amazon Kinesis stream.
Each stream can have up to 10 tags.
If tags have already been assigned to the stream,
`AddTagsToStream` overwrites any existing tags that correspond
to the specified tag keys.
:type stream_name: string
:param stream_name: The name of the stream.
:type tags: map
:param tags: The set of key-value pairs to use to create the tags.
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Creates a Amazon Kinesis stream. A stream captures and
transports data records that are continuously emitted from
different data sources or producers . Scale-out within an
Amazon Kinesis stream is explicitly supported by means of
shards, which are uniquely identified groups of data records
in an Amazon Kinesis stream.
You specify and control the number of shards that a stream is
composed of. Each open shard can support up to 5 read
transactions per second, up to a maximum total of 2 MB of data
read per second. Each shard can support up to 1000 records
written per second, up to a maximum total of 1 MB data written
per second. You can add shards to a stream if the amount of
data input increases and you can remove shards if the amount
of data input decreases.
The stream name identifies the stream. The name is scoped to
the AWS account used by the application. It is also scoped by
region. That is, two streams in two different accounts can
have the same name, and two streams in the same account, but
in two different regions, can have the same name.
`CreateStream` is an asynchronous operation. Upon receiving a
`CreateStream` request, Amazon Kinesis immediately returns and
sets the stream status to `CREATING`. After the stream is
created, Amazon Kinesis sets the stream status to `ACTIVE`.
You should perform read and write operations only on an
`ACTIVE` stream.
You receive a `LimitExceededException` when making a
`CreateStream` request if you try to do one of the following:
+ Have more than five streams in the `CREATING` state at any
point in time.
+ Create more shards than are authorized for your account.
The default limit for an AWS account is 10 shards per stream.
If you need to create a stream with more than 10 shards,
`contact AWS Support`_ to increase the limit on your account.
You can use `DescribeStream` to check the stream status, which
is returned in `StreamStatus`.
`CreateStream` has a limit of 5 transactions per second per
account.
:type stream_name: string
:param stream_name: A name to identify the stream. The stream name is
scoped to the AWS account used by the application that creates the
stream. It is also scoped by region. That is, two streams in two
different AWS accounts can have the same name, and two streams in
the same AWS account, but in two different regions, can have the
same name.
:type shard_count: integer
:param shard_count: The number of shards that the stream will use. The
throughput of the stream is a function of the number of shards;
more shards are required for greater provisioned throughput.
**Note:** The default limit for an AWS account is 10 shards per stream.
If you need to create a stream with more than 10 shards, `contact
AWS Support`_ to increase the limit on your account.
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Deletes a stream and all its shards and data. You must shut
down any applications that are operating on the stream before
you delete the stream. If an application attempts to operate
on a deleted stream, it will receive the exception
`ResourceNotFoundException`.
If the stream is in the `ACTIVE` state, you can delete it.
After a `DeleteStream` request, the specified stream is in the
`DELETING` state until Amazon Kinesis completes the deletion.
**Note:** Amazon Kinesis might continue to accept data read
and write operations, such as PutRecord, PutRecords, and
GetRecords, on a stream in the `DELETING` state until the
stream deletion is complete.
When you delete a stream, any shards in that stream are also
deleted, and any tags are dissociated from the stream.
You can use the DescribeStream operation to check the state of
the stream, which is returned in `StreamStatus`.
`DeleteStream` has a limit of 5 transactions per second per
account.
:type stream_name: string
:param stream_name: The name of the stream to delete.
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Describes the specified stream.
The information about the stream includes its current status,
its Amazon Resource Name (ARN), and an array of shard objects.
For each shard object, there is information about the hash key
and sequence number ranges that the shard spans, and the IDs
of any earlier shards that played in a role in creating the
shard. A sequence number is the identifier associated with
every record ingested in the Amazon Kinesis stream. The
sequence number is assigned when a record is put into the
stream.
You can limit the number of returned shards using the `Limit`
parameter. The number of shards in a stream may be too large
to return from a single call to `DescribeStream`. You can
detect this by using the `HasMoreShards` flag in the returned
output. `HasMoreShards` is set to `True` when there is more
data available.
`DescribeStream` is a paginated operation. If there are more
shards available, you can request them using the shard ID of
the last shard returned. Specify this ID in the
`ExclusiveStartShardId` parameter in a subsequent request to
`DescribeStream`.
`DescribeStream` has a limit of 10 transactions per second per
account.
:type stream_name: string
:param stream_name: The name of the stream to describe.
:type limit: integer
:param limit: The maximum number of shards to return.
:type exclusive_start_shard_id: string
:param exclusive_start_shard_id: The shard ID of the shard to start
with.
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Gets data records from a shard.
Specify a shard iterator using the `ShardIterator` parameter.
The shard iterator specifies the position in the shard from
which you want to start reading data records sequentially. If
there are no records available in the portion of the shard
that the iterator points to, `GetRecords` returns an empty
list. Note that it might take multiple calls to get to a
portion of the shard that contains records.
You can scale by provisioning multiple shards. Your
application should have one thread per shard, each reading
continuously from its stream. To read from a stream
continually, call `GetRecords` in a loop. Use GetShardIterator
to get the shard iterator to specify in the first `GetRecords`
call. `GetRecords` returns a new shard iterator in
`NextShardIterator`. Specify the shard iterator returned in
`NextShardIterator` in subsequent calls to `GetRecords`. Note
that if the shard has been closed, the shard iterator can't
return more data and `GetRecords` returns `null` in
`NextShardIterator`. You can terminate the loop when the shard
is closed, or when the shard iterator reaches the record with
the sequence number or other attribute that marks it as the
last record to process.
Each data record can be up to 50 KB in size, and each shard
can read up to 2 MB per second. You can ensure that your calls
don't exceed the maximum supported size or throughput by using
the `Limit` parameter to specify the maximum number of records
that `GetRecords` can return. Consider your average record
size when determining this limit. For example, if your average
record size is 40 KB, you can limit the data returned to about
1 MB per call by specifying 25 as the limit.
The size of the data returned by `GetRecords` will vary
depending on the utilization of the shard. The maximum size of
data that `GetRecords` can return is 10 MB. If a call returns
10 MB of data, subsequent calls made within the next 5 seconds
throw `ProvisionedThroughputExceededException`. If there is
insufficient provisioned throughput on the shard, subsequent
calls made within the next 1 second throw
`ProvisionedThroughputExceededException`. Note that
`GetRecords` won't return any data when it throws an
exception. For this reason, we recommend that you wait one
second between calls to `GetRecords`; however, it's possible
that the application will get exceptions for longer than 1
second.
To detect whether the application is falling behind in
processing, add a timestamp to your records and note how long
it takes to process them. You can also monitor how much data
is in a stream using the CloudWatch metrics for write
operations ( `PutRecord` and `PutRecords`). For more
information, see `Monitoring Amazon Kinesis with Amazon
CloudWatch`_ in the Amazon Kinesis Developer Guide .
:type shard_iterator: string
:param shard_iterator: The position in the shard from which you want to
start sequentially reading data records. A shard iterator specifies
this position using the sequence number of a data record in the
shard.
:type limit: integer
:param limit: The maximum number of records to return. Specify a value
of up to 10,000. If you specify a value that is greater than
10,000, `GetRecords` throws `InvalidArgumentException`.
:type b64_decode: boolean
:param b64_decode: Decode the Base64-encoded ``Data`` field of records.
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Gets a shard iterator. A shard iterator expires five minutes
after it is returned to the requester.
A shard iterator specifies the position in the shard from
which to start reading data records sequentially. A shard
iterator specifies this position using the sequence number of
a data record in a shard. A sequence number is the identifier
associated with every record ingested in the Amazon Kinesis
stream. The sequence number is assigned when a record is put
into the stream.
You must specify the shard iterator type. For example, you can
set the `ShardIteratorType` parameter to read exactly from the
position denoted by a specific sequence number by using the
`AT_SEQUENCE_NUMBER` shard iterator type, or right after the
sequence number by using the `AFTER_SEQUENCE_NUMBER` shard
iterator type, using sequence numbers returned by earlier
calls to PutRecord, PutRecords, GetRecords, or DescribeStream.
You can specify the shard iterator type `TRIM_HORIZON` in the
request to cause `ShardIterator` to point to the last
untrimmed record in the shard in the system, which is the
oldest data record in the shard. Or you can point to just
after the most recent record in the shard, by using the shard
iterator type `LATEST`, so that you always read the most
recent data in the shard.
When you repeatedly read from an Amazon Kinesis stream use a
GetShardIterator request to get the first shard iterator to to
use in your first `GetRecords` request and then use the shard
iterator returned by the `GetRecords` request in
`NextShardIterator` for subsequent reads. A new shard iterator
is returned by every `GetRecords` request in
`NextShardIterator`, which you use in the `ShardIterator`
parameter of the next `GetRecords` request.
If a `GetShardIterator` request is made too often, you receive
a `ProvisionedThroughputExceededException`. For more
information about throughput limits, see GetRecords.
If the shard is closed, the iterator can't return more data,
and `GetShardIterator` returns `null` for its `ShardIterator`.
A shard can be closed using SplitShard or MergeShards.
`GetShardIterator` has a limit of 5 transactions per second
per account per open shard.
:type stream_name: string
:param stream_name: The name of the stream.
:type shard_id: string
:param shard_id: The shard ID of the shard to get the iterator for.
:type shard_iterator_type: string
:param shard_iterator_type:
Determines how the shard iterator is used to start reading data records
from the shard.
The following are the valid shard iterator types:
+ AT_SEQUENCE_NUMBER - Start reading exactly from the position denoted
by a specific sequence number.
+ AFTER_SEQUENCE_NUMBER - Start reading right after the position
denoted by a specific sequence number.
+ TRIM_HORIZON - Start reading at the last untrimmed record in the
shard in the system, which is the oldest data record in the shard.
+ LATEST - Start reading just after the most recent record in the
shard, so that you always read the most recent data in the shard.
:type starting_sequence_number: string
:param starting_sequence_number: The sequence number of the data record
in the shard from which to start reading from.
:returns: A dictionary containing:
1) a `ShardIterator` with the value being the shard-iterator object
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Lists your streams.
The number of streams may be too large to return from a single
call to `ListStreams`. You can limit the number of returned
streams using the `Limit` parameter. If you do not specify a
value for the `Limit` parameter, Amazon Kinesis uses the
default limit, which is currently 10.
You can detect if there are more streams available to list by
using the `HasMoreStreams` flag from the returned output. If
there are more streams available, you can request more streams
by using the name of the last stream returned by the
`ListStreams` request in the `ExclusiveStartStreamName`
parameter in a subsequent request to `ListStreams`. The group
of stream names returned by the subsequent request is then
added to the list. You can continue this process until all the
stream names have been collected in the list.
`ListStreams` has a limit of 5 transactions per second per
account.
:type limit: integer
:param limit: The maximum number of streams to list.
:type exclusive_start_stream_name: string
:param exclusive_start_stream_name: The name of the stream to start the
list with.
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Lists the tags for the specified Amazon Kinesis stream.
:type stream_name: string
:param stream_name: The name of the stream.
:type exclusive_start_tag_key: string
:param exclusive_start_tag_key: The key to use as the starting point
for the list of tags. If this parameter is set, `ListTagsForStream`
gets all tags that occur after `ExclusiveStartTagKey`.
:type limit: integer
:param limit: The number of tags to return. If this number is less than
the total number of tags associated with the stream, `HasMoreTags`
is set to `True`. To list additional tags, set
`ExclusiveStartTagKey` to the last key in the response.
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Merges two adjacent shards in a stream and combines them into
a single shard to reduce the stream's capacity to ingest and
transport data. Two shards are considered adjacent if the
union of the hash key ranges for the two shards form a
contiguous set with no gaps. For example, if you have two
shards, one with a hash key range of 276...381 and the other
with a hash key range of 382...454, then you could merge these
two shards into a single shard that would have a hash key
range of 276...454. After the merge, the single child shard
receives data for all hash key values covered by the two
parent shards.
`MergeShards` is called when there is a need to reduce the
overall capacity of a stream because of excess capacity that
is not being used. You must specify the shard to be merged and
the adjacent shard for a stream. For more information about
merging shards, see `Merge Two Shards`_ in the Amazon Kinesis
Developer Guide .
If the stream is in the `ACTIVE` state, you can call
`MergeShards`. If a stream is in the `CREATING`, `UPDATING`,
or `DELETING` state, `MergeShards` returns a
`ResourceInUseException`. If the specified stream does not
exist, `MergeShards` returns a `ResourceNotFoundException`.
You can use DescribeStream to check the state of the stream,
which is returned in `StreamStatus`.
`MergeShards` is an asynchronous operation. Upon receiving a
`MergeShards` request, Amazon Kinesis immediately returns a
response and sets the `StreamStatus` to `UPDATING`. After the
operation is completed, Amazon Kinesis sets the `StreamStatus`
to `ACTIVE`. Read and write operations continue to work while
the stream is in the `UPDATING` state.
You use DescribeStream to determine the shard IDs that are
specified in the `MergeShards` request.
If you try to operate on too many streams in parallel using
CreateStream, DeleteStream, `MergeShards` or SplitShard, you
will receive a `LimitExceededException`.
`MergeShards` has limit of 5 transactions per second per
account.
:type stream_name: string
:param stream_name: The name of the stream for the merge.
:type shard_to_merge: string
:param shard_to_merge: The shard ID of the shard to combine with the
adjacent shard for the merge.
:type adjacent_shard_to_merge: string
:param adjacent_shard_to_merge: The shard ID of the adjacent shard for
the merge.
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This operation puts a data record into an Amazon Kinesis
stream from a producer. This operation must be called to send
data from the producer into the Amazon Kinesis stream for
real-time ingestion and subsequent processing. The `PutRecord`
operation requires the name of the stream that captures,
stores, and transports the data; a partition key; and the data
blob itself. The data blob could be a segment from a log file,
geographic/location data, website clickstream data, or any
other data type.
The partition key is used to distribute data across shards.
Amazon Kinesis segregates the data records that belong to a
data stream into multiple shards, using the partition key
associated with each data record to determine which shard a
given data record belongs to.
Partition keys are Unicode strings, with a maximum length
limit of 256 bytes. An MD5 hash function is used to map
partition keys to 128-bit integer values and to map associated
data records to shards using the hash key ranges of the
shards. You can override hashing the partition key to
determine the shard by explicitly specifying a hash value
using the `ExplicitHashKey` parameter. For more information,
see the `Amazon Kinesis Developer Guide`_.
`PutRecord` returns the shard ID of where the data record was
placed and the sequence number that was assigned to the data
record.
Sequence numbers generally increase over time. To guarantee
strictly increasing ordering, use the
`SequenceNumberForOrdering` parameter. For more information,
see the `Amazon Kinesis Developer Guide`_.
If a `PutRecord` request cannot be processed because of
insufficient provisioned throughput on the shard involved in
the request, `PutRecord` throws
`ProvisionedThroughputExceededException`.
Data records are accessible for only 24 hours from the time
that they are added to an Amazon Kinesis stream.
:type stream_name: string
:param stream_name: The name of the stream to put the data record into.
:type data: blob
:param data: The data blob to put into the record, which is
Base64-encoded when the blob is serialized.
The maximum size of the data blob (the payload after
Base64-decoding) is 50 kilobytes (KB)
Set `b64_encode` to disable automatic Base64 encoding.
:type partition_key: string
:param partition_key: Determines which shard in the stream the data
record is assigned to. Partition keys are Unicode strings with a
maximum length limit of 256 bytes. Amazon Kinesis uses the
partition key as input to a hash function that maps the partition
key and associated data to a specific shard. Specifically, an MD5
hash function is used to map partition keys to 128-bit integer
values and to map associated data records to shards. As a result of
this hashing mechanism, all data records with the same partition
key will map to the same shard within the stream.
:type explicit_hash_key: string
:param explicit_hash_key: The hash value used to explicitly determine
the shard the data record is assigned to by overriding the
partition key hash.
:type sequence_number_for_ordering: string
:param sequence_number_for_ordering: Guarantees strictly increasing
sequence numbers, for puts from the same client and to the same
partition key. Usage: set the `SequenceNumberForOrdering` of record
n to the sequence number of record n-1 (as returned in the
PutRecordResult when putting record n-1 ). If this parameter is not
set, records will be coarsely ordered based on arrival time.
:type b64_encode: boolean
:param b64_encode: Whether to Base64 encode `data`. Can be set to
``False`` if `data` is already encoded to prevent double encoding.
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Puts (writes) multiple data records from a producer into an
Amazon Kinesis stream in a single call (also referred to as a
`PutRecords` request). Use this operation to send data from a
data producer into the Amazon Kinesis stream for real-time
ingestion and processing. Each shard can support up to 1000
records written per second, up to a maximum total of 1 MB data
written per second.
You must specify the name of the stream that captures, stores,
and transports the data; and an array of request `Records`,
with each record in the array requiring a partition key and
data blob.
The data blob can be any type of data; for example, a segment
from a log file, geographic/location data, website clickstream
data, and so on.
The partition key is used by Amazon Kinesis as input to a hash
function that maps the partition key and associated data to a
specific shard. An MD5 hash function is used to map partition
keys to 128-bit integer values and to map associated data
records to shards. As a result of this hashing mechanism, all
data records with the same partition key map to the same shard
within the stream. For more information, see `Partition Key`_
in the Amazon Kinesis Developer Guide .
Each record in the `Records` array may include an optional
parameter, `ExplicitHashKey`, which overrides the partition
key to shard mapping. This parameter allows a data producer to
determine explicitly the shard where the record is stored. For
more information, see `Adding Multiple Records with
PutRecords`_ in the Amazon Kinesis Developer Guide .
The `PutRecords` response includes an array of response
`Records`. Each record in the response array directly
correlates with a record in the request array using natural
ordering, from the top to the bottom of the request and
response. The response `Records` array always includes the
same number of records as the request array.
The response `Records` array includes both successfully and
unsuccessfully processed records. Amazon Kinesis attempts to
process all records in each `PutRecords` request. A single
record failure does not stop the processing of subsequent
records.
A successfully-processed record includes `ShardId` and
`SequenceNumber` values. The `ShardId` parameter identifies
the shard in the stream where the record is stored. The
`SequenceNumber` parameter is an identifier assigned to the
put record, unique to all records in the stream.
An unsuccessfully-processed record includes `ErrorCode` and
`ErrorMessage` values. `ErrorCode` reflects the type of error
and can be one of the following values:
`ProvisionedThroughputExceededException` or `InternalFailure`.
`ErrorMessage` provides more detailed information about the
`ProvisionedThroughputExceededException` exception including
the account ID, stream name, and shard ID of the record that
was throttled.
Data records are accessible for only 24 hours from the time
that they are added to an Amazon Kinesis stream.
:type records: list
:param records: The records associated with the request.
:type stream_name: string
:param stream_name: The stream name associated with the request.
:type b64_encode: boolean
:param b64_encode: Whether to Base64 encode `data`. Can be set to
``False`` if `data` is already encoded to prevent double encoding.
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Deletes tags from the specified Amazon Kinesis stream.
If you specify a tag that does not exist, it is ignored.
:type stream_name: string
:param stream_name: The name of the stream.
:type tag_keys: list
:param tag_keys: A list of tag keys. Each corresponding tag is removed
from the stream.
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Splits a shard into two new shards in the stream, to increase
the stream's capacity to ingest and transport data.
`SplitShard` is called when there is a need to increase the
overall capacity of stream because of an expected increase in
the volume of data records being ingested.
You can also use `SplitShard` when a shard appears to be
approaching its maximum utilization, for example, when the set
of producers sending data into the specific shard are suddenly
sending more than previously anticipated. You can also call
`SplitShard` to increase stream capacity, so that more Amazon
Kinesis applications can simultaneously read data from the
stream for real-time processing.
You must specify the shard to be split and the new hash key,
which is the position in the shard where the shard gets split
in two. In many cases, the new hash key might simply be the
average of the beginning and ending hash key, but it can be
any hash key value in the range being mapped into the shard.
For more information about splitting shards, see `Split a
Shard`_ in the Amazon Kinesis Developer Guide .
You can use DescribeStream to determine the shard ID and hash
key values for the `ShardToSplit` and `NewStartingHashKey`
parameters that are specified in the `SplitShard` request.
`SplitShard` is an asynchronous operation. Upon receiving a
`SplitShard` request, Amazon Kinesis immediately returns a
response and sets the stream status to `UPDATING`. After the
operation is completed, Amazon Kinesis sets the stream status
to `ACTIVE`. Read and write operations continue to work while
the stream is in the `UPDATING` state.
You can use `DescribeStream` to check the status of the
stream, which is returned in `StreamStatus`. If the stream is
in the `ACTIVE` state, you can call `SplitShard`. If a stream
is in `CREATING` or `UPDATING` or `DELETING` states,
`DescribeStream` returns a `ResourceInUseException`.
If the specified stream does not exist, `DescribeStream`
returns a `ResourceNotFoundException`. If you try to create
more shards than are authorized for your account, you receive
a `LimitExceededException`.
The default limit for an AWS account is 10 shards per stream.
If you need to create a stream with more than 10 shards,
`contact AWS Support`_ to increase the limit on your account.
If you try to operate on too many streams in parallel using
CreateStream, DeleteStream, MergeShards or SplitShard, you
receive a `LimitExceededException`.
`SplitShard` has limit of 5 transactions per second per
account.
:type stream_name: string
:param stream_name: The name of the stream for the shard split.
:type shard_to_split: string
:param shard_to_split: The shard ID of the shard to split.
:type new_starting_hash_key: string
:param new_starting_hash_key: A hash key value for the starting hash
key of one of the child shards created by the split. The hash key
range for a given shard constitutes a set of ordered contiguous
positive integers. The value for `NewStartingHashKey` must be in
the range of hash keys being mapped into the shard. The
`NewStartingHashKey` hash key value and all higher hash key values
in hash key range are distributed to one of the child shards. All
the lower hash key values in the range are distributed to the other
child shard.
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